Lecture: Inferences in Artificial Intelligence and Computational Linguistics

Content

In this lecture, I will discuss kinds of inferences, their properties, application, and effective coordination. Topics addressed include:

• Modeling with Rules
• Deduction systems
• Deductive databases
• Parsing as deduction
• Taxonomic reasoning
• Basics of non-monotonic reasoning
• Models of argumentation
• Non-monotonic reasoning in NL generation
• Abductive and model-based diagnosis
• Abduction in NL interpretation
• Reasoning with uncertainties (fuzzy logic, belief networks)

Slide copies

Introduction

Deduction

Basics non-monotonic reasoning (updated)

Abduction (updated)

Digital Aristotle

Argumentation

Reasoning with uncertainties

References

K.H.Blaesius, H.J.Buerkert (Hrsg.), Deduktionssysteme, Oldenburg, 1992.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deductive_database

Fernando C. N. Pereira, David H. D. Warren Parsing As Deduction (1983) Proceedings of 21st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

Philipp Cimiano, Helena Hartfiel and Sebastian Rudolph, "Intensional Question Answering using ILP", in NLDB-08, Springer.

Project Halo: http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/mfkb/RKF/projects/halo.html/

R. Reiter, "A logic for default reasoning", Artificial Intelligence 13, 81-132, 1980

J. Pollock, "Defeasible reasoning", Cognitive Science 11, 481-518. 1987

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_shooting_problem

Gerhard Brewka: Cumulative Default Logic: In Defense of Nonmonotonic Inference Rules. Artif. Intell. 50(2): 183-205 (1991)

Ivan Havel, "Extended Pruning Procedure for Incomplete-Observation Diagnostic Model Simplification", Cybernetcis and Systems, vol. 2, 2008

P. M. Dung. On the acceptability of arguments and its fundamental role in nonmonotonic reason, logic programming, and n-person games. Artificial Intelligence, 77:321-357, 1995

G. Vreeswijk and H. Prakken, `Credulous and sceptical argument games for preferred semantics. ', in Proceedings of JELIA'2000, The 7th European Workshop on Logic for Artificial Intelligence., pp. 224-238, Berlin, (2000). Springer LNAI 1919, Springer Verlag.

Tom Gordon, The pleadings game: formalizing procedural justice International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Artificial intelligence and law Amsterdam, The Netherlands 10 - 19, 1993

Ashley, K.D., Desai, R. and Levine, J.M. (2002) Teaching Case-Based Argumentation Concepts using Dialectic Arguments vs. Didactic Explanations. In Proceedings, Intelligent Tutoring Systems Conference, ITS-02 (S.A. Cerri et al. ed.) Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Pp. 585-595. Springer-Verlag: Berlin.

Knott, A., O'Donnell, M., Oberlander, J. and Mellish, C. [1997] Defeasible rules in content selection and text structuring. In Proceedings of the 6th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pp 50-60. Duisburg, Germany, March 1997.

Gerhard Brewka: A Reconstruction of Rescher' s Theory of Formal Disputation Based on Default Logic. ECAI 1994: 366-370

Trevor J. M. Bench-Capon: Value-based argumentation frameworks. NMR 2002: 443-454

Gordon, T.F. An Overview of the Carneades Argumentation Support System. In C.W. Tindale and C. Reed, Dialectics, Dialogue and Argumentation. An Examination of Douglas Walton's Theories of Reasoning. College Publications, 2010, 145-156

Jerry R. Hobbs, Mark Stickel, Paul Martin, Interpretation as Abduction (1993) Artificial Intelligence

Jon Oberlander, Alex Lascarides Preventing False Temporal Implicatures: Interactive Defaults for Text Generation (1992) In Proceedings of COLING92

Weighted Abduction for Plan Ascription (1992) http://www.ai.sri.com/pubs/technotes/aic-tn-1990:4, by Douglas E. Appelt , Martha E. Pollack, Technical Note 491, SRI International, Menlo Park

Remark

Joint lecture computer science/computational linguistics

Grades

Oral exam

Study points

Informatik 4, CL Diplom 2, CL Bachelor 3

E-mail Helmut Horacek